[drawattention]

Let us imagine a puppeteer controlling string puppets or marionettes. Let us imagine how the puppeteer’s fingers, through strings invisible to the audience, make the puppets move and dance on the stage. The twist? Our puppeteer is not playing puppets: What we find at the ends of the strings is a cloud–or, at least, an interpretation of clouds at best. Using fingers, the puppeteer is trying to imitate how clouds always move and change, wandering the sky with appearances which can never be same at every step.

That is what this installation is trying to say. Twelve strips of ribbons hung above–or at least precisely at–the height of the visitors, are interpretation of “cloud”, one of the “architecture in nature” representing canopy, spatial element in a horizontal form and located “above”. (Even the color of the ribbons–mauve–can be perceived as an effort to grasp the nuances of clouds at dusk).

The ribbons are attached to twelve pieces of strings not unlike the ones for marionettes; yet the upper ends of the strings are attached to twelve levers turned by servo motors. It can be said that these twelve levers act as “fingers” setting the canopy of “cloud” in motion. This “cloud” of ribbons will move and change its pattern according to the movements of the visitors below. These strips of ribbons will be elevated slowly and gradually in a billowing motion which is expected to recall the caravan of real clouds, based on the position of the visitor along the trip within the installation. This is made possible by a sensor capturing the changes of the visitors’ positions relative to the sensor. The input received will then be processed using certain algorithm which in turn producing the command in the form of pattern to set the servo motors, levers, strings, and finally the ribbons in motion. In other words, it is the motions of the visitors which trigger the motions of the installation.

And that is the difference between our installation and the string puppet theatre serving as the inspiration: A visitor will enjoy the kinetic show of the installation, but in doing so, the visitor must take an active role. The visitor must move; only after that that the installation will respond. It is the visitor who pulls the strings. The visitor is both the audience and the puppeteer.

Cloud of the Puppeteer is a sibling and follow-up of a previous similar project: String of Nature. Both are responsive architectural installation: dynamic, not static architecture changing, responding, and adapting the form based on the stimuli or acts by the users. While String of Nature is an exploration in terms of vertical architectural elements, Cloud of the Puppeteers is a play on horizontal elements.

Try it; be both the audience and the puppeteer.

Journal title : Investigation into the daylight performance of expanded-metal shading through parametric design and multi-objective  optimisation in Japan

Author : Rendy Perdana Khidmat, Hiroatsu Fukuda, Kustiani, Beta Paramita, Ma Qingsong, Agus Hariyadi

Accepted July Received 1 November 2021; Received in revised form 3 February 2022; Accepted 15 February 2022. Journal of Building Engineering 51 (2022)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2022.104241

Abstract :

This paper presents a parametric and Multi-Objective Optimisation approach to investigate  daylight performance of the expanded-metal shading depicting the sky conditions in Kitakyushu, Japan. The study is an initial design method utilising a robust computational calculation aiming to verify expanded metal as an environmentally friendly building material concerning its function as a shading device. The proposed platform generatively iterates the logic of expanded metal as dynamic design variables, such as Bond, Strand, Length, Height and Angle, to achieve the optimisation goals of minimising Annual Sunlight Exposure (ASE) while simultaneously maximising Spatial Daylight Autonomy, Useful Daylight Illuminance (UDI) and the openness of the expanded metal profile. Ladybug and Honeybee were utilised in a parametric platform, Grasshopper, to perform daylight simulation, while Octopus was employed to optimise the results. A thorough analysis was conducted to determine the significance of each expanded-metal parameter in achieving the daylight and View objectives. The results showed that adopting the proposed framework successfully fulfilled the LEED v4.1 daylight requirements by reducing ASE by 100% and improving UDI by approximately 50% over the baseline model. Furthermore, the iteration process revealed a wide range of aesthetic patterns, providing another factor for designers to consider during the design decision-making process.

Research Methodologies :

The initial phase of the research started by formulating the research problem and defining the daylight metrics as the objectives. The second phase was establishing the modelling processes, the baseline model and the expanded-metal parametric definition. In this phase, the overall function of the modelling components was linked with one parametric-definition arrangement. The third phase was the making of daylight and the View-simulation system. The established model in the previous phase would be converted into simulated objects and undergo daylight simulation. Up to this point, the physical properties of the model, the climate and the urban context were incorporated. The fourth phase was the optimisation process, in which the system generated all possible design solutions and came up with the presumably preferable solution based on the optimisation setting. The process iterated design possibilities by multiplying the combination of each dynamic parameter movement that drove the expanded-metal shading-pattern configuration. Last, the process concluded by analysing and interpreting the data gained from the optimisation processes, in which close observation was conducted along with sensitivity analysis to investigate the role of each parameter.

Result and Conclusion :

Expanded-metal shading is a reliable material for supporting a passive daylighting design strategy. By iterating the design parameters based on the expanded-metal components defined in the early design stages, the designer can generate design solutions that go beyond what was envisioned before the design processes began. The success of the form-finding process can be observed where the optimisation procedure generated 3176 design solutions by incorporating relatively short simulations. These 10 design ideas demonstrated performance targets that meet the international daylight standard LEED V4.1 in ASE and sDA. The best design solution identified from the sensitivity analysis towards the 155 Pareto-front individuals was model number 1728.

This model was equipped with parameter configurations of 4-cm Bond, 12-cm Length/LW, 12-cm Height/SW, 4-cm Strand/W and 5◦ in Angle. . Compared to the baseline model, the best design showed a reduction in ASE1000,250 by 100%, sDA300/50% by about 4%, View by about 34% and an improvement in UDI100–2000lx by about 50%. The DGP test showed that the  best design solution (rank one) performed a 0.081 lower DGP value, improving the category from an intolerable glare to a disturbing glare.

Pada hibah penelitian dosen muda UGM tahun 2021, telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai hubungan sistem eksoskeleton pada bangunan tinggi terhadap visual interest di dalam ruangan. Adapun rangkuman dari hasil simulasi dan penelitian tersebut adalah sebagai berikut :

Abstrak :
Isu keterbatasan lahan, terutama pada daerah kepadatan tinggi, mendorong munculnya banyakpembangunan bangunan tinggi (highrise) untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan ruang. Biaya pembangunan yang mahal, lahan yang sempit, serta tuntutan kebutuhan ruang yang tinggi menyebabkan nilai atas setiap jengkal ruang dalam dan visual akses antar ruang yang ada menjadi sangat tinggi. Struktur konvensional dengan susunan kolom diinternal menjadi tidak menguntungkan.Maka dari itu, eksoskeleton muncul menjadi mode perancangan struktur alternatif yang popular. Dengan meminimalisir kolom struktural di dalam bangunan, eksoskleton memberikan peluang untuk memaksimalkan penggunaan floor area ruang internal, menghadirkan estetika eksternal fasad bangunan, dan meningkatkan performa bangunan melalui elemen fasad apabila dapat diprogram sesuai kebutuhan. Meskipun demikian, diluar berbagai potensi positif tersebut, ada sebuah aspek yang kerap terabaikan, yaitu kualitas visual dan pencahayaan ruang dalam kaitannya dengan penempatan elemen struktural diluar bangunan tersebut.

Metode :
Dengan adanya urgensi tersebut, maka riset ini ditujukan untuk mendorong inovasi perancangan struktur eksoskeleton dengan memperhatikan kualitas ruang dalam bangunan, khususnya yang terkait dengan kenyamanan visual ruang dalam. Metode yang dilakukan pertama ada studi komparasi terhadap identifikasi bentuk dan ketinggian bangunan paling popular yang digunakana sebagai standar perancangan bangunan tinggi melalui studi kasus. Untuk tahapan penelitian ini, peneliti akan mencoba memetakan bangunan tinggi eksisting yang ada di Jakarta yang kemudian akan dilihat kecenderungan bentuknya. Langkah ini dimaksudkan untuk mencari bentuk paling umum digunakan dlam system bangunan tinggi, sehingga bentuk yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi dasar perancangan eksoskeleton.

Tahap kedua, melalui pemanfaatan software modelling berbasiskan generative design. Obyek penelitian akan dititikberatkan pada eksplorasi berbagai pola bukaan pada façade bangunan yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas ruang dalam baik dari sisi performa maupun visual. Beberapa piranti lunak yang dapat digunakan adalah Rhino kangaroo dan Revit generative design tools Selanjutnya, simulasi digital akan dilakukan untuk menguji performa pola eksoskeleton terhadap beberapa parameter yang meliputi aspek keterbangunan dan aspek kenyamanan visual.

Journal title : Effectiveness of adaptive façade with helicon mechanisms on energy values and natural lighting in Indonesia

Author : Aldhi Nugraha Anantama, Agus Hariyadi

Abstract :
The annual growth of energy consumption in both residential and public buildings has been established globally as been significantly increasing. Therefore, the proposed active and passive building designs are intended to provide convenience and greatly reduce the high energy requirements, before considering mechanical systems (associated with fossil fuel-based energy consumption). This encourages the development of a new design, such as the Climate Adaptive Building Shell (CABS). This study aims to assess the effectiveness of CABS with Helicone mechanisms on energy and natural lighting, as well as its influential factors. The parametric modeling simulation method was applied to compare the energy and natural lighting aspects, between the adaptive and static facades of the Helicone mechanism. The results indicated that the adaptive facade was more effective than the static, based on energy and natural lighting. It was also found that the 30° adaptive configuration with the Helicone mechanism was the most effective. These results were influenced by several factors, i.e., the small turning angle (30° and 150° (-30°) and the anticlockwise direction of the adaptive facade rotation.

Research Methodologies :
This study applied the Simulation Modeling method, by making a reality copy and representing the model operation. Modeling and simulation were performed using parametric-based software, i.e., Rhinoceros 5, Grasshopper 0.9, Ladybug 0.0.69, and Honeybee 0.0.66. These systems were used to facilitate simulations carried out on adaptive facades with various movement configurations. However, this condition differs from a static facade with one configuration.

The first research object is a test room model with a certain dimensions and properties. This model represented a workspace in a building positioned on the ground floor, and was directly adjacent to another room on the roof and all walls, except those with aperture. Adaptive facade model was modeled as having six square slats with a dimension of 0.5 m on each side, as the utilized Helicone mechanism started from a no-rotation condition (state 0). Furthermore, the full rotation started from the bottom to the top bar (state 6), as the movement scheme and application.

Result and Conclusion :
Based on this study, adaptive facades with the Helicone mechanism were more effective than static configurations. This produced lower values of 20%, 25%, and 6% in the OTTV, Illumination, and Glare simulations, respectively. The study also obtained an adaptive configuration that produced the most effective value in all aspects of the simulation, i.e., a facade (adaptive) with a trigger angle of 30°. This configuration was superior to others, based on producing the highest value of optimization in meeting comfort standards, especially natural lighting. It also had a pattern of low simulation values in the initial states, and steadily increased until the final levels, which was an ideal condition for an adaptive facade.

The simulation analysis further formulated the factors that affected the effectiveness of the adaptive configuration with Helicone mechanism, i.e., the size of the angle and rotational direction. This angle was closely related to the ratio of openness or void/solid adaptive facade. Furthermore, this configuration with small trigger angles (30° and 150° (-30°)) produced a constant void/solid ratio between the states. It allowed stable simulation value that was ideal as an adaptive facade, when compared to configurations with large angles (60°, 120° (-60°), and 90°). The rotational direction factor also affected the effectiveness of the adaptive facade. Based on this study, the adaptive configuration with anticlockwise rotation (30°) was dominant in producing lower OTTV, Illumination, and Glare simulation values. It was also more effective than facades with clockwise rotation (-30°). This was assumed because the anticlockwise and clockwise configurations caused the adaptive facade panels to open to the East and West, respectively.

Model prototipe Hive Responsive Wall berukuran 64 cm x 6,5 cm x 48,75 cm, dengan total 18 modul heksagonal (red: Hive) bersama dengan bilah-bilah melingkar ganda. Maket model dibuat dengan memanfaatkan 3D printer dan menggunakan bahan PLA+. Setial Hive menggunakan sambungan takik (kunci melingkar) untuk menjaga setiap modul tetap di tempatnya. Sedangkan untuk gerakan responsif, tiga servo dipasang pada box servo, yang ditempatkan pada setiap tiga modul Hive, untuk melakukan gerakan melingkar pada setiap slat. Selanjutnya, sensor iluminansi dipasang pada setiap motor servo untuk memeriksa iluminasi. Sensor ini juga yang kemudian memberikan sinyal input untuk servo. Data illuminasi yang ditangkap oleh sensor dikirimkan ke multiplexer yang memiliki 16 channels. Arduino akan memproses data ini, kemudian mengirimkan sinyal kepada servo untuk menggerakkannya sesuai pemetaan dan pemrograman yang telah disiapkan sebelumnya.

Tiga modul Hive akan berotasi,  digerakkan oleh dua roda gigi dan motor servo di setiap blok modul Hive. Ada beberapa rekonstruksi bilah, baik dari bahan, ukuran, bentuk, dan juga konfigurasinya. Proses ini dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem. Selama proses rekonstruksi, ketebalan modul Hive juga dimodifikasi untuk efisiensi material. Terdapat beberapa inovasi dalam pembuatannya antara lain penggunaan sambungan berbentuk segitiga (triangular lock) yang juga berbahan PLA+ pada bagian depan untuk memperkuat sambungan antar Hive. Box tambahan untuk Arduino ditempatkan di tengah baris terbawah The Hive Wall. Wadah ini juga terbuat dari PLA+ yang dicetak 3D.

Ada tiga tahap bukaan yang dihasilkan dari gerak rotasi dari tiap Hive;  yaitu full open, half open, dan full close. Bukaan dipicu oleh data iluminasi di sekitarnya (dari 0 hingga ambang iluminasi atas yang diinginkan) dipetakan ulang oleh arduino uno menjadi gerakan melingkar 0-4.3 derajat dari motor servo. Keadaan tutup penuh dapat dicapai ketika iluminasi di sekitarnya melebihi ambang iluminasi atas. Namun, posisi tertutup penuh ini bukanlah kondisi void 0% tetapi rasio void 14,6% terhadap permukaan. Selain itu, posisi terbuka penuh juga bukan kondisi void 100%, tetapi rasio void terhadap permukaan 46,8%, karena bilah-bilah radiall yang ada di setiap ring dan Hive. Kondisi void 46,8%, atau disebut sebagai kondisi awal, mengacu pada 50% WWR dengan glazing 0,4 SHGC yang mampu mempertahankan nilai OTTV pada 35 W/m2.

Journal title : A Modular Interlocking Element for Material-Efficient Stereotomy Construction

Author : Nabila Affif, Nur Zahrotunnisaa Zagi, Agus Hariyadi, Annisa P. Cinderakasih

Accepted at August 20, 2021. Published online at Nexus Network Journal, September 17, 2021

https://doi.org/10.1007/s00004-021-00577-6

Abstract :
In the last decade, research interest in digital stereotomy has been renewed, with efficiency as a popular objective. However, along with a mainstream focus on full customization, comes a paradox of efficient design yet inefficient fabrication. Provoked by this situation, the potential of modular stereotomy is explored here. By utilizing a parametric design approach and rapid additive prototyping method, sequential experiments were executed to test seventy variations of units. As a result, a clear workflow and an optimized design were generated and used to form a modular stereotomy construction. Finally, efficiency was achieved from three standpoints: main material efficiency through complete modularity, supporting material efficiency through total elimination of shims and up to 91% reduction in falsework, and material use-value maximization through an easy assembly of form and a selection of up to six different constructional strategies to build arches with similar shape and volume.

Research Methodologies :
This research employs an experimental geometry-based approach where the main focus is placed on the quantitative parameters of the geometry, such as the ratio of the dimensions of the general form, the joint, the positioning of elements, and its impact on the stability of the structure rather on the force path and flow. Here, several data collection and analysis stages can be broadly grouped into two major phases, namely study case and experimental research, each with their respective methods.

Result and Conclusion :
The results of this research are significant as a proof-of-concept that the modular stereotomy approach has great potential and is highly competitive compared to the other bespoke-oriented alternatives in the field. With newly developed logical workflows and form and structure relationships from modular stereotomy, results from this research are expected to forge the path towards digital stereotomy that is more efficient, familiar, and technology-ready for a vast and swift application. With regard to future developments of the results discussed in this study, there is a potential to further investigate the modules’ adaptivity in relation to increasing the flexibility of the construction’s form-finding process and construction strategy. Referring to the early stage of model development, the breakdown of units into detachable elements is based not only on simplification of fabrication but also on the possibility of a mix coupling between different elements.

Seperti pada kerai kinetik otomatis lainnya, tindakan meningkatkan kinerja bangunan dengan mempersempit fenestrasi berdampak pada penurunan kenyamanan visual dalam ruangan. Secara hipotetis, visibilitas dalam ruangan dapat ditingkatkan dengan terus-menerus menggerakkan tirai, sambil tetap mempertahankan konsumsi energi bangunan. Jenis pengembangan Sudare ini disebut Buzzing Sudare.

Model prototipe Buzzing Sudare berisi model ruangan dengan ukuran 28,5 cm x 19 cm x 22,5 cm, dengan WWR 100% dan satu lapis Sudare. Maket model terbuat dari papan multipleks dan menggunakan sistem knock down dan kuncian untuk menghubungkan setiap sisi horizontal dan vertikal. Selain itu, kamera web dipasang di dalam model fisik ini untuk melihat visibilitas dalam ruangan. Sensor cahaya dipasang pada dudukan yang dicetak dengan mesin 3D print dan dipasang di lantai dan atap dengan jumlah total 16 titik. Sensor cahaya ini dipergunakan untuk mengumpulkan distribusi daylight illuminance. Sensor ini terhubung ke multiplexer logger dengan 16 saluran. Data daylight illuminance tersebut kemudian diolah di Arduino dan dibaca dengan Fireflfly di Grasshopper.

Gerak vertikal Sudare secara terus menerus didukung oleh beberapa roda gigi dan motor penggerak. Roda gigi, bilah Sudare, dan bingkai Sudare semuanya diproduksi menggunakan bahan PLA+ dengan memanfaatkan printer 3D. Ada beberapa rekonstruksi dan reorientasi pada model, baik dari ukuran, bentuk, dan juga mekanisme roda gigi. Proses ini dilakukan karena adanya gap antara model fisik dan digital, misalnya perbedaan ukuran yang tipis karena masalah toleransi pada alat fabrikasi. Selama proses rekonstruksi, dinamo juga mengalami berbagai pemosisian sehubungan dengan efisiensi jumlah bagian roda gigi dan ruang yang diinginkan. Ada beberapa inovasi dalam pembuatannya seperti penggunaan konektor dan bantalan berbentuk tabung. Wadah tambahan untuk roda gigi dan motor servo ditempatkan di bawah rangka Sudare. Teknik cetak 3D print juga digunakan untuk stand ini. Gerakan terus menerus yang lebih stabil dari bilah kerai dapat dipertahankan karena koneksi pada rangka. Wadah yang pas juga diterapkan pada dinamo dan roda gigi, untuk mengurangi kemungkinan goncangan berat atau selip karena getaran.

Dua contoh Sudare disediakan untuk percobaan, yaitu Buzzing hitam dan Buzzing putih. Setiap Sudare memiliki tiga tipe bukaan (slats gaps) yaitu 1/3, 1/2, dan 2/3. Selain itu, untuk jenis gerak, penelitian ini menerapkan tiga macam kecepatan yaitu lambat, sedang, dan cepat, yang dikendalikan dengan step controler yang dipasang di sisi samping maket model. Roda gigi, untuk mengatur gerakan vertikal agar lebih konstan, terdiri dari beberapa jenis yang ditunjukkan pada poster. Roda gigi utama diposisikan di tengah dan kedua tepi poros utama horizontal, sebagai penggerak roda gigi bevel yang terhubung langsung ke roda gigi pengait. Roda gigi utama ini ditopang oleh motor penggerak di bawahnya. Ditenagai oleh tegangan 12 volt, dinamo yang terpasang dengan pengontrol kecepatan variabel akan memberikan 3 jenis kecepatan. Namun, kait pada roda gigi kait terhubung ke lubang elips di tirai Sudare. Roda gigi ini, pada dasarnya memiliki empat sudut rotasi, bersirkulasi untuk menghasilkan gerakan vertikal yang konstan untuk Buzzing Sudare Blinds.

Journal title: The Comparison of Device Material of Sliding Sudare Using a Prototyping Method

Author: Agus Hariyadi, Esti Setyaning Jati, Nabila Afif, Alya Farah Taufiqoh

Accepted October 11, 2020. Available online April 01, 2021. ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur, Volume 6 Issue 1, April 2021.

https://doi: 10.30822/arteks.v6i1.569

Abstract:
Sliding Sudare has a big potential to be developed considered its high effectiveness in minimizing building energy consumption while still maintaining its visibility quality. Meanwhile, its original blinds that is made of bamboo cannot withstand extreme weather and have a short lifespan. Therefore, this research is to investigate the effectiveness of the other material alternatives namely stainless steel, plastic, and natural fiber. A scaled model is used for prototyping the materials in the shape of bicycle spokes, PLA+ (3D printer filament), and bamboo slats as the blinds. These everyday objects were tested in terms of their physical characteristic and were measured by four parameters (security requirement, weather resistance, construction process, and cost-effectiveness). From the research, it was concluded that bicycle spokes has the highest overall performance with the highest advantages in weather resistance requirement, cost-effectiveness, and construction; whilst PLA+ and bamboo slats have the least overall performance though both have high advantage in terms of security requirement.

Research Methodologies:
This research employed a method of Sliding Sudare automatic kinetic system that have been formulated in the previous study (Hariyadi 2017). This prototyping process aims to measure the feasibility of, evaluate, and identify issues that might appear during the Sliding Sudare production, specifically concerning its material selection. The resulting prototypes will undergo an evaluation based on several parameters referring to Huang, Liu, and Liang (2015)’s important aspects of material selection, namely (1) security requirement, (2) weather resistance, (3) construction, and (4) cost effectiveness. A more detailed explanation of these parameters is provided in the latter part of the manuscript.

Result & Conclusion:
Bamboo slats, PLA+ 3D Print Filament, and bicycle spokes were tested as Sliding Sudare alternative materials. Four parameters were used to evaluate those materials using prototyping method. Based on the analysis and discussion, it can be concluded that bicycle spokes has the highest overall performance with the highest advantages in weather resistance requirement, cost-effectiveness, and construction; whilst PLA+ and bamboo slats have the least overall performance though both have high advantage in terms of security requirement.

Conference paper title: Parametric Roster Concrete Brick Modules as External Shading Device to Maximize Indoor Visual Comfort

Author: Safira Yumna Salsabila, Agus Hariyadi, Nabila Afif, Annisa P. Cinderakasih

Presented on: International Conference on Less is MOji-REboot the City, Japan. Fukuoka-Kitakyushu, Japan 

Abstract :

Many buildings in tropical regions with abundant sunlight still fail to make effective use of daylight. Building designs often use additional shading as an improvisation because of unintentional daylight and glare considerations since the design process. One of the additional elements that are commonly used in the tropical regions is roster concrete brick. There are several physical parameters that were taken into consideration when determining the level of visual comfort of an enclosed space. There are three criteria that are utilized as determining factors in assessing the room visual comfort level, namely (1) material, (2) colour, and (3) degree of open capacity. This research aims to explore the most effective type of among four different modular roster type configuration using digital simulation. Single-space study model was analyzed using computer simulation using grasshoper for rhino software. Analysis of the findings indicated that shading devices with different configurations show significant results in the visual comfort; and the most effective configuration is external shading devices with 10,2% open degree opacity. This study recommends that the consideration for shading device as a passive design strategy needs to be developed at the early stage of the building design.